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Melanoma

What is Melanoma?

Melanoma is a serious type of skin cancer that originates in the melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. It is known for its potential to spread to other parts of the body if not detected and treated early. Melanoma can appear on the skin as a new growth or a change in an existing mole and may be life-threatening if not addressed promptly.

Symptoms of Melanoma

Melanoma symptoms can vary, but common signs include:

New or Changing Moles: Appearance of new moles or changes in existing ones, including changes in size, shape, or color.

Asymmetry: One half of the mole does not match the other half.

Irregular Borders: Edges of the mole are uneven, scalloped, or notched.

Color Variation: Moles with multiple colors, such as brown, black, pink, or red.

Size: Moles larger than 6 mm (about the size of a pencil eraser) or growing in size.

Bleeding or Itching: Moles that bleed, itch, or become painful.

Causes and Risk Factors​

Melanoma can be influenced by several factors:

Excessive Sun Exposure: Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun or tanning beds.

Family History: A family history of melanoma or other skin cancers.

Skin Type: Fair skin that burns easily and has a tendency to freckle.

Presence of Multiple Moles: Having numerous moles or atypical moles (dysplastic nevi).

Immune System Suppression: Conditions or treatments that weaken the immune system.

Diagnosing Melanoma

Diagnosis of melanoma typically involves several steps:

Physical Examination: An initial examination by a healthcare provider to evaluate the mole or skin changes.

Skin Biopsy: Removal of a sample of the mole or skin area for microscopic examination to confirm the presence of melanoma.

Imaging Tests: Tests such as CT scans, MRIs, or PET scans to determine if the melanoma has spread to other areas.

Lymph Node Biopsy: Examination of nearby lymph nodes to check for cancer spread.

Treatments for Melanoma

Treatment for melanoma depends on the stage and extent of the cancer:

Surgery: Removal of the melanoma and possibly some surrounding healthy tissue. May also include lymph node removal if cancer has spread.

Immunotherapy: Drugs that help the immune system recognize and destroy melanoma cells.

Targeted Therapy: Medications that target specific genetic mutations within melanoma cells.

Radiation Therapy: Use of high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells, typically used for melanoma that has spread to other parts of the body.

What Happens If Left Untreated?​

If melanoma is left untreated, it can progress and spread to other parts of the body, leading to more severe health issues. Advanced melanoma can affect vital organs and become life-threatening. Early detection and treatment are crucial to improve outcomes and prevent the spread of cancer.

Schedule a Consultation

If you have concerns about skin changes or symptoms that may indicate melanoma, it’s important to seek medical advice promptly. Contact us to schedule a consultation with one of our specialists to discuss your symptoms, receive a comprehensive evaluation, and explore appropriate treatment options.

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  • Schertz Clinic
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