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Achalasia

What is Achalasia?​

Achalasia is a rare disorder of the esophagus that affects your ability to swallow. It occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) – the ring of muscle that allows food to pass from the esophagus into the stomach – fails to relax properly, making it difficult for food and liquids to move into the stomach. Over time, this can lead to the esophagus becoming dilated and weakened, causing symptoms like chest pain and regurgitation.

Symptoms of Achalasia

The symptoms of achalasia often develop gradually and may worsen over time. Common symptoms include:

Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia): A sensation of food getting stuck in the esophagus, particularly with solid foods but also with liquids.

Regurgitation: The backflow of undigested food or saliva into the mouth, especially after eating.

Chest Pain: Discomfort or pain in the chest, often mistaken for heart problems.

Weight Loss: Unintentional weight loss due to difficulty eating and decreased intake of food.

Heartburn: Some patients may experience heartburn-like symptoms, although achalasia is not directly related to acid reflux.

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to consult with a specialist for further evaluation and treatment.

Causes and Risk Factors​

The exact cause of achalasia is not well understood, but it is believed to result from damage to the nerves in the esophagus. Several factors may increase the risk of developing achalasia, including:

Autoimmune Disorders: Achalasia may be associated with autoimmune diseases, where the body’s immune system attacks its own tissues.

Viral Infections: Certain viral infections may trigger damage to the nerves of the esophagus.

Genetic Factors: While rare, some cases of achalasia may have a genetic component, especially when occurring in families.

Diagnosing Achalasia

Diagnosing achalasia involves a series of tests to assess the function of the esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter. Common diagnostic methods include:

Esophageal Manometry: This test measures the rhythmic muscle contractions in the esophagus when swallowing, as well as the pressure in the lower esophageal sphincter.

Barium Swallow X-ray: Patients swallow a barium solution, which coats the lining of the esophagus, allowing doctors to observe the flow of food and liquids.

Endoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera is used to examine the esophagus for abnormalities or obstructions.

Treatments for Achalasia

At Texas Advanced Surgical & Bariatrics, we offer both minimally invasive and surgical treatment options for achalasia, tailored to your specific needs:

Balloon Dilation: A balloon is inserted through an endoscope and inflated at the lower esophageal sphincter to stretch the muscle and improve swallowing.

Botox Injections: Botox can be injected into the lower esophageal sphincter to temporarily relax the muscle and improve symptoms.

Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM): A minimally invasive procedure that involves cutting the muscles of the lower esophagus to allow food to pass more easily. This option offers long-term relief for many patients.

Heller Myotomy: A surgical procedure that involves cutting the lower esophageal sphincter to reduce pressure and improve swallowing. This can be performed laparoscopically for faster recovery.

What Happens If Left Untreated?​

If achalasia is left untreated, the condition will likely worsen over time, leading to increased difficulty swallowing and significant weight loss. The esophagus may also become dilated, leading to complications such as esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus), aspiration pneumonia, and a higher risk of esophageal cancer.

Schedule a Consultation

If you are experiencing symptoms of achalasia or have been diagnosed with this condition, Texas Advanced Surgical & Bariatrics can help. Our experienced team offers advanced treatment options, including minimally invasive procedures, to provide lasting relief and improve your quality of life. Schedule your consultation today to learn more about your treatment options for achalasia.

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