Barrett’s Esophagus

What is Barrett's Esophagus?

Barrett’s Esophagus is a condition in which the tissue lining the esophagus is replaced by tissue similar to the lining of the intestine. This occurs due to chronic acid reflux (GERD), where stomach acid frequently irritates the lining of the esophagus. Barrett’s Esophagus increases the risk of developing esophageal cancer, although most people with the condition do not develop cancer.

Symptoms of Barrett's Esophagus

Barrett’s Esophagus itself typically does not cause symptoms. However, since it is associated with GERD, patients may experience symptoms such as:

Chronic Heartburn: A burning sensation in the chest, usually after eating or when lying down.

Regurgitation: The sensation of acid or stomach contents rising back into the throat or mouth.

Difficulty Swallowing: Also known as dysphagia, this can occur as a result of inflammation or scarring in the esophagus.

Chest Pain: Occasionally, Barrett’s Esophagus can cause chest pain, often mimicking the symptoms of heart problems.

Causes and Risk Factors

Barrett’s Esophagus develops primarily as a result of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Risk factors include:

Chronic Acid Reflux: Long-term exposure to stomach acid irritates the lining of the esophagus.

Obesity: Excess weight, particularly in the abdomen, increases pressure on the stomach and esophagus, promoting reflux.

Smoking: Tobacco use increases the risk of Barrett’s Esophagus and esophageal cancer.

Age: Barrett’s Esophagus is more common in people over the age of 50.

Diagnosing Barrett's Esophagus

Barrett’s Esophagus is diagnosed through an upper endoscopy and biopsy. The doctor will examine the esophagus using a small camera to look for abnormal tissue. A biopsy may be taken to confirm the diagnosis by checking for cellular changes.

Treatment for Barrett's Esophagus

Treatment for Barrett’s Esophagus focuses on managing GERD symptoms and reducing the risk of progression to esophageal cancer.

Lifestyle Changes: Losing weight, avoiding trigger foods, and not lying down after meals can reduce acid reflux.

Medications: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 blockers help reduce stomach acid and control reflux symptoms.

Endoscopic Therapy: For patients with precancerous changes, therapies such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can remove the abnormal tissue.

Surgery: In severe cases, surgery such as fundoplication may be considered to reinforce the lower esophageal sphincter and prevent reflux.

What Happens If Left Untreated?

Without treatment, Barrett’s Esophagus can increase the risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma, a type of cancer. Regular monitoring and management of GERD can help reduce this risk.

Schedule a Consultation

If you have chronic acid reflux or have been diagnosed with Barrett’s Esophagus, it is essential to seek professional care. Contact Texas Advanced Surgical & Bariatrics today to schedule a consultation.

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